“Sweet Home Frederick”

“Home Sweet Home” means different things to different people. In researching the origin of this popular expression, I found roots lying with a popular song dating back to 1823. "Home, Sweet Home" is a song adapted from American actor and dramatist John Howard Payne's 1823 opera Clari, or the Maid of Milan. The song's melody was composed by Englishman Sir Henry Bishop with lyrics by Payne.

Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam
 Be it ever so humble, there's no place like home
 A charm from the skies seems to hallow us there
 Which seek thro' the world, is ne'er met elsewhere
 Home! Home!
 Sweet, sweet home!
 There's no place like home
 There's no place like home!
 
An exile from home splendor dazzles in vain
 Oh give me my lowly thatched cottage again
 The birds singing gaily that came at my call
 And gave me the peace of mind dearer than all
 Home, home, sweet, sweet home
 There's no place like home, there's no place like home!

Interest in the song was strong in both Great Britain as well as the United States. When published separately, “Home, Sweet Home” quickly sold 100,000 copies, making considerable profits for both publishing companies and the producers of the opera. Soon, the song would be performed publicly by stage entertainers and in school-related concerts and recitals. In 1852 Henry Bishop "relaunched" the song as a parlor ballad, and it became very popular in the United States throughout the American Civil War and after.

Advertisement for "Home Sweet Home" appearing in the London Times (May 20, 1823)

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In this week’s piece, I’d like to introduce readers to a branch of a family that obviously cherished Frederick, Maryland as “Home, Sweet Home” for a final resting place. Their surname of Johnson is synonymous with not only Frederick, but Maryland as well. Residing in various places around the country, several bodies were brought back to a newly created family plot in Mount Olivet in the year 1915.

Dr. James Thomas Johnson (Jr.) was born June 26th, 1828 in Port Tobacco, Charles County, Maryland. He was the son of James Thomas Johnson and Emily Newman, and a great-grandson of Roger Johnson (1749-1831). You may recall that Roger Johnson was the one-time owner/operator of Bloomsbury Forge on Bennett’s Creek in southeastern Frederick County. He also was the kid brother of Maryland’s first elected governor, Thomas Johnson, Jr.

Memorial in Mount Olivet dedicated to Roger Johnson and others buried on the Bloomsbury estate

Dr. James Thomas Johnson lot within Mount Olivet Cemetery (Area H/Lot 477)

Bloomsbury mansion house of Roger Johnson (located on Thurston Road)

Now back to our subject James T. Johnson. His education was begun at the Frederick Academy and he went on to graduate in 1850 from Princeton (New Jersey). After graduation, Johnson studied medicine with his father and advanced his knowledge at the University of Maryland, gaining his degree in 1852. The young physician married Miss Anna Mobberly of New Market, the daughter of Dr. E. W. Mobberly. James T. Johnson opened his practice in Frederick at this time and enjoyed great success until the beginning of hostilities connected with the American Civil War.

Dr. Johnson was outspoken in his support of the Southern Cause, and this would lead him to enter the service of the Confederacy as an assistant surgeon of the provisional army. He would quickly rise up in rank to hold the title of surgeon. Johnson was elevated again to the position of medical purveyor of the army, and then Chief Purveyor of the Army in 1862. In this role, Dr. Johnson had control of the hospitals and medical supplies for the entire army, involving an outlay of 1.5 million dollars/month with his principal depot being headquartered at Charlotte, North Carolina. He would hold this position until the war’s end in 1865.

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Dr. Johnson would come back to Frederick, but was not welcomed back with open arms by the majority of the Union-siding populace. Diarist Jacob Engelbrecht made mention of return in June, 1865, starting off his passage with:

“Another batch of returned Rebels from our country have returned within a few weeks, viz J. D. Cockrill, Doctor J. T. Johnson, Richard Norris, Sergeant Michael P. Galligher, Carl Hoffman, Amos Scott….”

This “homecoming” likely prompted the physician to take his practice elsewhere. And that he did, traveling across the country to make his new start. Newspaper advertisements show Johnson bouncing between Virginia City and Reno, Nevada in the 1870’s. This stint was capped by Johnson becoming a health officer for the state of Nevada, established in 1864.

Vintage view of Reno, NV (c. 1870)

Reno Gazette (Jan. 3, 1877)

Reno Gazette (Jan. 26, 1878)

By the end of the decade, Dr. Johnson and son Roger would be listed in the 1880 US census. They were now living together in San Rafael, Marin County, California. "Doc" Johnson would leave northern California in 1885, however Roger would live out the balance of his life in nearby San Francisco, practicing law over the next three decades. He would not marry. 

1880 US Census showing Dr. Johnson taking up residence in California with son Roger.

Dr. Johnson next relocated to Decatur, Alabama, and served as health officer there until 1891. He would move to nearby Huntsville and hold the position of Health Officer of Madison County until the evening of August 9, 1899. After attending to his duties that day, the doctor would take supper with his wife. He would suffer a stroke shortly after, causing his death at the age of 68.

The family would bury Dr. James T. Johnson in Huntsville’s Maple Hill Cemetery. Interred here already was daughter Emilie (Johnson) Blair who had passed tragically eight years prior in 1891 at the age of 24. Emilie had married Cary Montgomery Blair the previous year.

Death notice of Emilie Blair as it appeared in the Sept. 26, 1891 Montgomery Advertiser (AL)

Montgomery Advertiser (Aug. 15, 1899)

Mr. Blair was the son of famous Union Civil War Gen. Frank Preston Blair. Blair’s father also served as a US congressman from Missouri. Cary had come from a high pedigree family as well. His grandfather was Kentucky newspaper editor and politician Francis Preston Blair, who, in 1840, came across a mica-flecked spring near, what is today, Georgia Avenue near the Washington, DC line. The location today is Acorn Park at Blair Mill Rd., Newell St. and East-West Highway. The elder Blair decided he liked the location so much that he would acquire the property surrounding the spring and build a summer home for his family, away from the sweltering, malaria-infested confines of the capital city. Mr. Blair constructed a 20-room mansion on the parcel and called it “Silver Spring.” Cary’s uncle, Montgomery Blair, represented Dred Scott in the landmark Supreme Court case and served as mayor of St. Louis and Postmaster General under President Lincoln.

Gen. Frank P. Blair (1821-1875)

Blair family mansion in Silver Spring (MD), after it was allegedly burned by Confederate troops under Gen. Jubal Early on July 12, 1864, just days after the Battle of Monocacy

Francis Preston Blair (1791-1876)

Emilie (Johnson) Blair gave birth to a son, Francis Preston Blair III, on September 3, 1891. She would endure complications from the childbirth and developed Puerperal Pyrexia, dying just over two weeks later on September 19th, 1891.

Cary Blair would not recover from his wife’s premature death, and lived a reclusive existence in Colorado and Texas until his own death in 1944. Son Francis was adopted and raised in Philadelphia by Cary’s brother, dying himself in London in 1943.

Frederick News (Dec. 16, 1892)

Shortly after Dr. Johnson’s death, wife Anna M. Johnson and surviving daughter Louisa (Johnson) Clay would relocate to Maryland from Alabama. Named for her ancestral cousin and former First Lady (Louisa Johnson, wife of John Quincy Adams), Louisa married Huntsville attorney William Lewis Clay (1852-1911). William L. Clay was also a one-time secretary of the Alabama State Senate.

Louisa won some notoriety of her own as an author, compiling a 70-page book called Western Mosaics, which chronicled a five-week trip through the west. She was also responsible for writing The Spirit Dominant: A Life of Mary Hayes Chynoweth. Ms. Chynoweth was a noted philanthropist and faith healer, responsible for establishing the True Life Church.

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It seems that the union between Mr. and Mrs. Clay was not the epitome of “Sweet Home Alabama.” They would divorce, likely the impetus for Louisa and her mother to return home to Frederick, Maryland. Once back, they first lived on East Patrick Street, and later can be found living at 207 East Second Street (in the household of William and Margaret Young) by the time of the 1910 census.

207 E. 2nd Street, Frederick, MD

Anna Mobberly Johnson died a few days before Christmas (December 22) of 1913, and was buried on Christmas Eve. The mother and daughter had bought lots at Mount Olivet Cemetery, but would acquire more than two for their personal needs. These were located next to the gravesite of Mrs. Johnson's parents and brother, all three dying in the 1870's and 1880's. In death, the James T. Johnson family would be carefully brought back together in Frederick.

Frederick News (Dec. 22, 1913)

Monument to Anna Mobberly Johnson in Mount Olivet

Frederick News (Dec. 23, 1913)

Roger Johnson died January 13th, 1915. Louisa personally went to San Francisco to make the necessary plans for disinterment and cross-country travel. On March 18th, Roger was laid to rest next to his mother. A bachelor with no heirs, Roger Johnson’s estate made national headlines as he left $200,000 in trust to a young student at the University of California at Berkeley.

Frederick News (Jan. 18, 1915)

Oakland Tribune (Feb. 1, 1915)

During the ongoing months of 1915, various stories described illnesses besetting Louisa, but full recoveries were always the case—at least until October of that year.  The month started with two more reburials within Mount Olivet. On October 4th, the bodies of Dr. James T. Johnson and Emilie Johnson Blair traveled back to Frederick from Huntsville, Alabama and were brought through the main gates. They were destined for reburial in the family plot on Area H/Lot 477.

Mount Olivet burial ledger showing the re-interments of Emily and Dr. Johnson on Oct. 4, 1915.

Gravesite of Emilie J. Blair

Gravesite of Dr. James Thomas Johnson (shared monument with Anna M. Johnson)

Nine days later, Louisa Johnson Clay, herself, would succumb to subacute endocarditis. She would join her parents, brother and sister on October 15th, 1915.

The James Thomas Johnson family lived all over the country. Now they would rest together in the peaceful confines of Mount Olivet Cemetery within Frederick, Maryland—“Home, Sweet Home.”

Dr. J. T. Johnson Family lot (Area H/Lot 447)